2nd Global Summit on Plant Science October 06-08, 2016 Hilton London Heathrow Airport, UK

Deyou Ye has completed his PhD from College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University of China. He is the director of lab for Institute of Vegetables, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals of China. At present, he is engaged in the research on root-knot nematodes in vegetables.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause serious threat to cucumber production throughout the world. Cucumis metuliferus, a relative of cucumber, is reported to be resistant to Meloidogyne incognita. However, the underlying resistance mechanism remains unclear. Here the response of resistant C. metuliferus strain CmR07 following the nematode infection was studied in comparison with susceptible C. sativus cv. Jinlv No.3. Roots of selected Cucumis seedings were analysed using histological and biochemical techniques. Transcriptome changes of the resistant reaction were investigated by RNA-seq. Our present results showed that penetration and development of the nematode in resistant plant were reduced when compared to susceptible plant. Infection of resistant genotype with M. incognita resulted in a hypersensitive reaction. The induction of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities after infection was greater in resistant roots compared with the susceptible one. Several most relevant genes from the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction pathway that are involved in resistance to the nematode were significantly altered. The resistance in CmR07 to M. incognita is associated with reduced nematode penetration, retardation of nematode development and hypersensitive necrosis. The expression of genes resulting in the deposition of lignin, toxic compounds synthesis, suppression of nematode feeding and resistance protein accumulation, and activation of several transcription factors, all which might contribute to the resistance response to the pest. These results would lead to a better understanding the resistance mechanism and aid in the identification of potential targets resistant to the pest for cucumber genetic improvement.rnrn

Wynston Woodenberg is a postdoctoral fellow at the University of KwaZulul-Natal, Durban, South Africa, who has over ten years’ experience with microscopy of gymnosperm seeds

Plant cell walls are dynamic in that they can change conformation during ontogeny and in response to various stresses. These changes have been characterised for vegetative tissues; however, even though seeds are the primary propagatory units in most plants, little is known about the conformational responses of zygotic embryo cell walls to desiccation, which is a common abiotic stress. This motivated the present study, which investigates the effect of drying on the gross morphology of the zygotic embryo cell walls of three gymnosperm species: Podocarpus henkelii, which produces desiccation-sensitive seeds; Pinus elliottii, the seeds of which are desiccation-tolerant; and Podocarpus falcatus, which produces seeds that appear to be intermediate. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the responses of embryo cell walls to desiccation. Hydrated embryos of all three species displayed polyhedral cells with relatively straight walls. Upon desiccation to c. 0.05 g g-1 (dry mass basis), cell walls assumed an undulated conformation, the severity of which appeared to be limited by the subcellular accumulation of carbohydrate-containing amyloplasts in P. henkelii, lipid bodies in P. falcatus, and protein and lipid in P. elliottii. Intercellular spaces between cortical cells were also observed to enlarge upon desiccation, suggesting that components and/or processes at these junctions may be affected by desiccation. When dried embryos were rehydrated, embryo cell walls of P. henkelii remained moderately undulated, while those of P. falcatus and P. elliottii returned to their original straight conformation. Cell-cell connectivity and hence, communication (via the plasmalemma) is dependent on cell wall conformation. The results obtained here suggest that seed desiccation sensitivity may in part be based on the inability of dried-rehydrated embryo cell walls, such as those of P. henkelii, to regain their original straight conformation which can compromise cell-cell communication needed for growth

Environmental biotechnology and industrial biotechnology specialist with wide experience related to the development and use of microbiological and enzymatic preparations in the utilization of environmental pollution. Together with Researching of Oil and Gas Company Jaslo (PGNIG Group), participated in a project related to the development of comprehensive land remediation technologies. The author of 10 patents.

Statement of the Problem: Endophytes, which have been found in every plant species, are currently considered to be a wellspring of novel secondary metabolites. In view that some plants generating bioactive natural products have associated endophytes that produce the same natural substances the endophytes has become an interesting alternative for functional substances production in a wide variety of medical, agricultural, and industrial areas. Chelidonium majus L. (greater celandine), is a plant occurring naturally in the Europe, Asia and South America. Although the herb is toxic it produces valuable bioactive substances. The preparations of celandine, ie. tinctures, infusions contains alkaloids which inhibit the growth of fungi, bacteria, viruses, protozoans. It has many therapeutic uses and also anticancer properties. Biosurfactants, which are bioactive compounds well known as remediation agents also have potential for medicine. The presence of these compounds in Ch. majus has not been previously studied. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: A laboratory scale study on isolation of endophytes from Ch. majus origin from three different localization in Poland has been performed. Ability for biosurfactant production of isolated strains was made in the submerge culture condition, in the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates, on the base of emulsifying activity and emulsion index I24 measurement. Findings: 17 endophytic strains (11 bacteria, 6 fungi) was isolated. Four of the tested microorganisms have shown high emulsifying activity (above OD500~0,85) and good emulsion - stabilizing capacity (E24~65 %). Conclusion & Significance: These results strongly suggest that the endophytic microorganisms isolated from Chelidonium majus show good emulsification properties which is crucial for biosurfactants production. This is the first report showing the ability for biosurfactant production by Ch. majus endophytes.

Ana-Alexandra Sorescu has completed her Msc studies at the age of 27 years from Politehnica University in Bucharest and is currently a PhD student at Valahia University in Targoviste. She is also working, for almost 10 years, at The National Rsesearch&Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry as a 3rd degree scientific researcher. She has published 5 papers in ISI journals, more than 10 non-ISI papers and participated with more than 50 scientific papers at national or international scientific conferences.

Ramson (Allium ursinum) is a medicinal plant found specially on mountain landscapes or on plains with fertile soil with a taste similar to garlic. Spring is the best season to collect this plant and for culinary and therapeutic purposes only the leaves are used. Ramson containes vitamin A, C, carotenoids, volatile oils and minerals (e.g.: Ca, Fe, P, Cu, Na) and the most important therapeutic applications concern blood purification, detoxifies the organism, acts as antiseptic, antiviral, antimicrobial and immunomodelatory, helps lower the cholesterol and acts as a bronchodilator. Ramson is mostly used as infusion or decoction with good results in biliary insufficiency, insomnia, dizziness, depression, gout or heart diseases. This study presents different qualitative preliminary analyses of Ramson (Allium ursinum) aqueous extract. The aqueous extract is obtained at room temperature from dried Ramson leaves and stored for more than two weeks in the refrigerator at 40C. In order to determine whether phytochemicals (E.g.: carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinone and anthocyanosides) are present in Ramson’s composition, phytochemical screening was carried out using standard phytochemical methods. For example, the presence of saponins in the aqueous extract was determined by adding 2 mL of extract to 2 mL of distilled water in a graduated cylinder and shaking it for 15 minutes with the formation of a 2 cm foam layer. In order to determine the presence of flavonoids, 1 mL 2N NaOH was added to 2 mL extract and a yellow color appeared, thus confirming the presence of flavonoids in Ramson extract.