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Scientific Program
2nd Global Summit on Plant Science , will be organized around the theme “Transforming future of Plant Science”
Plant Science 2016 is comprised of 22 tracks and 104 sessions designed to offer comprehensive sessions that address current issues in Plant Science 2016.
Submit your abstract to any of the mentioned tracks. All related abstracts are accepted.
Register now for the conference by choosing an appropriate package suitable to you.
Plant tissue culture is the growth of plant cells outermost an intact plant. It depends on maintaining plant cells in lab conditions on a suitable nutrient medium. The culture can be sustained as a mass of undifferentiated cells for an wide area for a period of time, or regenerated into whole plants. The different techniques used in plant tissue culture. Plant tissue culture is mostly used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micro-propagation. Plant Biotechnology is the technology which is used for getting fresh product with high yield and at faster ways. Plant Bio technology is prominent in the field of medicine interfacing biotechnology and bioinformatics, the molecular characterization of medicinal plants; molecular farming; and result from chemistry, nanotechnology, pharmacology, agriculture, Biomass and biofuels as well.
Relevant Conferences:
International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany; International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland; 11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA; XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September 9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Track 1-1Plant Biopolymers and Bioinformatics
- Track 1-2Recent advances in Plant Biotechnology
- Track 1-3Blue Plant Botechnology
- Track 1-4Biomass
- Track 1-5Biofuel and Byproduct
- Track 1-6Prospects for biopolymer production in plants.
- Track 1-7Micropropagation in Plants
Plant genomes are more complex than other eukaryotic genomes, and analysis reveals many evolutionary flips and turns of the DNA sequences over time. Plants show widely different chromosome numbers and varied ploidy levels. Overall, the size of plant genomes (both num-ber of chromosomes and total nucleotide base-pairs) ex-hibits the greatest variation of any kingdom in the biological world.
Plant genomes are more complex than other eukaryotic genomes, and analysis reveals many evolutionary flips and turns of the DNA sequences over time. Plants show widely different chromosome numbers and varied ploidy levels. Overall, the size of plant genomes (both num-ber of chromosomes and total nucleotide base-pairs) ex-hibits the greatest variation of any kingdom in the biological world.
- Track 2-1Comparative genomics
- Track 2-2Genomics of plant responses to environmental stress
- Track 2-3Crop Genomics
- Track 2-4Genomics of adaptation and speciation
- Track 2-5Plant genomics scope in UK
- Track 2-6Plant and Diatom Genomics
Transgenes appear to be particularly sensitive to epigenetic variation which can lead to transgene silencing, i.e. the complete or partial inactivation of transgene expression. Plants are ideal model systems to study the influence of changing environmental conditions on epigenetic patterns. We are especially interested to understand how certain genomic regions become targets for epigenetic modification and how environmental stress affects epigenetic gene regulation. Our applied work investigates how transgene silencing can be prevented and how epigenetic variation can be exploited for novel breeding strategies
- Track 3-1Molecular Genetics
- Track 3-2Plant Integrative Biology
Plant breeding is the technologies which are used for molecular biology to select, or in the case of genetic modification, to insert particular traits into plants. Molecular breeding such as marker assisted selection and doubled haploids are highly useful techniques. There is way that through plant breeding can also utilized by organic cultivation.
Relevant Conferences:
International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany; International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland; 11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA; XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September 9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands; 10th International Oat Conference, 11-15 July 2016, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Track 4-1Modern Plant Breeding Techniques
- Track 4-2Transgenic plants and green revolution
- Track 4-3Global food security through plant breeding
- Track 4-4 Plant breeding in organic agriculture
- Track 4-5Advances in Plant Science research
Plant pathology is the scientific discovery of diseases in plants caused by pathogens and environmental conditions. Organisms that cause viral disease include fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasma, protozoa, nematodes and dependable plants. A plant considered undesirable, unattractive, or troublesome, especially one that grows where it is no need and often grows or spreads fast or takes the place of desired plants. It is an aquatic plant or alga, especially seaweed.
Relevant Conferences:
Related Plant Science Conferences | Plant Conferences | Plant Biology Meetings | Conference Series LLC
- Track 5-1Endosymbiosis
- Track 5-2Plant Microbial Interactions
- Track 5-3 Phytoplasma and Nematodes
- Track 5-4 Plant Diseases Epidemology
- Track 5-5 Fungal-Plant Interactions
- Track 5-6Molecular and genetic basis of plant-insect interaction.
- Track 5-7Oxidative Stress in Plants
- Track 5-8Plant Virology
- Track 5-9plant immune system
The complex and different responses of plants to nanoparticles, the signal transduction mechanisms involved, and the regulation of DNA expression. Further, it showing the phytosynthesis of nanoparticles, the role of nanoparticles in the antioxidant systems of botany and agriculture, the beneficial and harmful effects of nanoparticles on plants, and the application of nanoparticles and nanotubes to MS, aiming ultimately at an analysis of the metabolomics of plants.The increasing role of inventions in the field of nanotechnology are producing novel applications in the fields of biotechnology and agriculture. Nanoparticles have received much response because of the unique physico-chemical properties of these compounds. In the plant biology, nanoparticles are used as “smart” delivery systems, prompting the Nobel Prize winner P. Ehrlich support to get these compenents as “magic bullets.” Nanotechnology also play an important role in agriculture as compound fertilizers and minute-pesticides, acting as chemical delivery agents that target molecules to specific cellular organelles in plants.
- Track 6-1Role of Nanoparticles in Plants
- Track 6-2Implications of Nanotechnology on Plant Productivity and Its Environment
- Track 6-3Nanoparticles in Sustainable Agricultural Crop Production: Applications and Perspectives
- Track 6-4Interactions Between Engineered Nanomaterials and Plants: Phytotoxicity, Uptake, Translocation, and Biotransformation
Many of the herbs and aromas used by humans to season food also yield useful medicinal compounds. All plants produce chemical components as part of their normal metabolic activities such as phytochemistry. The use of herbs to treat disease is almost unique variety. Many herbs have shown positive results in-vitro while studies on some herbal treatments have found favourable results.
Relevant Conferences:
International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany; International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland; 11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA; XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September 9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Track 7-1Modern Study of Plant Medicines
- Track 7-2Phytochemistry Experts Meeting
- Track 7-3Plant derived pharmaceuticals by molecular farming
- Track 7-4Drug discovery from natural sources
- Track 7-5Herbal medicine
- Track 7-6Natural products chemistry and plant medicine
- Track 7-7Traditional medicine from plants
The Study of plant morphology, growth, metabolism and reproduction in living plants and also concerned with the plant morphology and some essential process such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photo -morphogenesis, environmental physiology (plant diseases), seed germination, dormancy and stomata function and transpiration, plant water relations. Plant biochemistry is related to molecular science such as macromolecules and plant metabolisms, Biomolecules, carbohydrates, amoni acid, lipids.
Relevant Conferences:
International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany; International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland; 11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA; XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September 9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Track 8-1Plant hormones
- Track 8-2Biotic and Abiotic stress in plants
- Track 8-3Photomorphogenesis
- Track 8-4Environmental physiology
- Track 8-5Photoperiodism
- Track 8-6Plant nutrition
- Track 8-7Plant Signaling Pathways
- Track 8-8Moleular Plant breeding and experimental Plant Breesing
- Track 8-9 Plant Metabolic Engineering.
- Track 8-10Plant Glycobiology
Plant morphology is all about with both the vegetative structures of plants, as well as the reproductive structures. It includes plant development, floral structure, pollination and fertilization. Plant morphology provides an overview of the science of deals with the external form of plants. Plant metabolism includes the complex of physical and chemical events of photosynthesis, respiration, and the process of natural compounds. Plant respiration is biochemical process in plants whereby specific substrates are oxidation with a subsequent release of carbon dioxide, CO2.
Relevant Conferences:
International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany; International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland; 11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA; XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September 9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Track 9-1Vegetative propagation
- Track 9-2Plant Cell Cycle and Cell Division
- Track 9-3Stem,Root and wood Anatomy
- Track 9-4Primary and Secondary Growth
- Track 9-5Plant biosystematics
- Track 9-6Pollination and fertilization
- Track 9-7Endosperm and Embryo
- Track 9-8Plant Cell Biology and Cytogenetics
- Track 9-9Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
The plants require H2O and minerals come from the soil, while carbon dioxide comes from the air. Macronutrients and Micronutrients are the useful elements required by plants. Soil quality is a major determinant of plant distribution and growth. NO2 is often the mineral that has the more effect on plant growth. Plants require nitrogen as a component of amino acid, nucleic acids, chlorophyll. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to NH3 by an enzyme called nitrogenase. Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, evolution and mapping and soil erosion.
Relevant Conferences:
International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany; International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland; 11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA; XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September 9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Track 10-1Soil Chemistry and Soll Physics
- Track 10-2Soil Morphology and soil management
- Track 10-3Organic Fertilizers and Chemical Fertilizers Experts Meeting
- Track 10-4Soil Fertility and Soil Biochemistry Experts Meeting
- Track 10-5Soil Erosion and soil management Experts Meeting
- Track 10-6Sustainable Soils and Soil Geology
Agriculture deals with the promotes in genetics, physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and molecular biology. Agriculture science is related to techniques, including the application of agronomic research. Agricultural biotechnology is a specific area of agricultural science includes the use of scientific tools and techniques, including manupulation of genome, genetic markers, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, and plant biotechnology, to modify living organisms: plants, animals, and microorganisms.
Relevant Conferences:
International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany; International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland; 11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA; XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September 9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Track 11-1Agricultural Biotechnology
- Track 11-2Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
- Track 11-3Agricultural engineering and Agronomy
- Track 11-4Turfgrass grass seed management
- Track 11-5Nanotechnology in Agriculture Science
- Track 11-6 Modeling tools in Agriculture
- Track 11-7Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management Experts Meeting
- Track 11-8Agronomy
- Track 11-9Environment of Agrigulture technology (agricultural engineering)
- Track 11-10Fruit and Vegetable Crops
The plants require water and minerals come from the soil, while carbon dioxide comes from the air. Macronutrients and Micronutrients are the essential elements required by plants. Soil quality is a major determinant of plant distribution and growth. Nitrogen is often the mineral that has the greatest effect on plant growth. Plants require nitrogen as a component of proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by an enzyme called nitrogenase. Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping and soil erosion.
Relevant Conferences:
International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany; International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland; 11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA; XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September 9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Track 12-1Plant Integrative Biology
- Track 12-2 Herbivory and Plant defense against herbivory
- Track 12-3Herbivory and Plant defense against herbivory
- Track 12-4Plant Protection
Horticulture deals with the art, flowers, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of aromatic plants, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and non-food crops such as grass and herbal trees and plants organic cultivation. It also includes plant conservation, organic garden, landscape and garden design, construction, and maintenance, and arboriculture.
Relevant Conferences:
International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany; International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland; 11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA; XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September 9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Track 13-1 Advanced Horticultural technology
- Track 13-2Viticulture and Organic Farming
- Track 13-3Crop rotation
- Track 13-4Weed Plants Experts Meeting
- Track 13-5Ornamental plants Experts Meeting
- Track 13-6Organic Agri Products Experts Meeting
- Track 13-7Ornamental Horticulture
- Track 13-8Biodiversity
Environmental science is the study of the effects of natural and unnatural processes, and of interactions of the physical components of the planet on the environment
At the individual level, botanists may study the phylogeny (structure) of plants, systems to maximize their growth, or how they convert one chemical compound to another. At the community level, the work of a botanist resembles an ecologist and may include looking at how plants interact with one another, how they moderate the type of ecosystem present in a given area, competition between given species, or how crops may interact in a given agricultural system. It is common for botanists’ work to span a number of different career paths
- Track 14-1Biopesticides
Seeds are main part for the plant to grow and for agriculture as well. They are the starting point for the production of most plant and crops. Seeds constitute 70% of our food and recent additional uses of seeds as stored energy has increased both seed and commodity prices worldwide. The past 50 years has seen many researchers are working in seed genetics and technology that have been responsible in increases the crop productivity worldwide.
Increasing the demand for seed as biofuel feedstock coupled with a need to feed a burgeoning global population makes seed science and technology an essential discipline for human survival and prosperity. Cereal production alone will have to increase by roughly a billion metric tons in the next 30 years to meet world needs. To meet future world needs for food, fiber and energy, additional research advancements in seed genetics and technology will be critical. Sharing expertise on seed production technologies and research through distance learning will be a prerequisite for meeting the global demand for quality seed.
- Track 15-1phytosanitary matters
- Track 15-2Seed Treatment
- Track 15-3Seed Health
- Track 15-4Trade Rules
- Track 15-5Genetically Modified Seeds
Synthetic biology is an approach to engineering science. The stabilization of element, from screw threads to printed circuit boards, drives both the speed of innovation and the economy of production in mechanical and electronic engineering. This conceptual model is the basis of synthetic biology, where the principles of engineering are applied to biological systems. Synthetic biology is not what we are making; Developing tools and methods for the precise modification of plant genomes and establishing a standard structure for collection of plant genes.
- Track 17-1Bioactive ingredients from plants
- Track 17-2Natural replacements for petrochemical ingredients
- Track 17-3Sustainable business practices
- Track 17-4Extracting ingredients for cosmetics using green technologies
- Track 17-5Optimising plant chemical production
- Track 17-6Chitosan as a basic for personal care products
- Track 17-7Plant Protection
Humankind has affected our planet in many ways. In the past few centuries the changes in society and the "Biodiversity" is the full complexity and variety of life, at all scales, from genetic diversity, up to species and even ecosystem diversity. So, we use the term "biodiversity conservation" to refer to attempts to conserve and any parts of this natural diversity. Plant diversity is a major plant of total biodiversity - just think of the richness of tropical rain forests -.it forms the basis of all food webs, and underpins the functioning of all ecosystems. So, plant conservation is an essential component of efforts for biodiversity conservation. As plants are at risk of extinction, in all parts of the world, their conservation is a priority.
Plant Science Conferences | Plant Biology Conferences | Plant Biology Meetings | Conference Series LLC
Relevant Conferences:
5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Plant Genomics July 14-15, 2016 Brisbane, Australia; International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland; 11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA; XVIth Meeting on Plant Breeding September 9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands
Major Plant science Societies around the Globe
American Society of Plant Biologists, USA; Australian Society of Plant Scientists, Australia; Argentinean Society of Plant Physiology, Argentina; American Society of Agronomy, USA; Royal Horticultural Society, UK; British Society for Plant Pathology, UK; African Crop Science Society Africa; Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology Brazil;Botanical Society of China, China;
The plant root system constitutes the major part of the plant body, both in terms of function and bulk. In terrestrial plants, the root system is the subterranean or underground part of the plant body while the shoot is the aboveground part. Roots are branching organs which grow downward into the soil, a manifestation of geotropism. Branching occurs irregularly and not from nodes as in stems.
Oilseeds and pulses are staple foods for millions of poor people in developing countries, and are these days developing an even more important role as cash crops. The most important crops in these categories are oil palm, beans (soybean, cowpeas, broad beans, red beans) and groundnuts. Further can be mentioned cashew, sheanut, sesame, sunflower, coconut and olives. Oilseeds and pulses add important nutritional value to the diet by high quality protein and/or vegetable oil, together with oil soluble vitamins like vitamin A.
A key ingredient in successful entrepreneurship is self-knowledge. (Plant Science and Agri science-2016) aims to bring together all existing and budding bio entrepreneurs to share experiences and present new innovations and challenges in microbiological community. Each year, over a million companies are started in the world with about 5–10 of them classified as high technology companies. Turning ideas into business ventures is tricky and the opportunity-recognition step is critical in new venture creation. This gestalt in the entrepreneur's perception of the relationship between the invention and final product is refined into a business model that describes how the venture will make money or provide an appropriate return to the potential investors. Biological science is complex and rapidly changing and requires a specialized knowledge to understand the value of the innovation and its competitive position in the industry.