Plant  genomes  are  more  complex  than  other  eukaryotic genomes,  and  analysis  reveals  many  evolutionary  flips  and turns of the DNA sequences over time. Plants show widely different  chromosome  numbers  and  varied  ploidy  levels. Overall, the size of plant genomes (both num-ber  of  chromosomes  and  total  nucleotide  base-pairs)  ex-hibits the greatest variation of any kingdom in the biological  world.

Transgenes appear to be particularly sensitive to epigenetic variation which can lead to transgene silencing, i.e. the complete or partial inactivation of transgene expression. Plants are ideal model systems to study the influence of changing environmental conditions on epigenetic patterns. We are especially interested to understand how certain genomic regions become targets for epigenetic modification and how environmental stress affects epigenetic gene regulation. Our applied work investigates how transgene silencing can be prevented and how epigenetic variation can be exploited for novel breeding strategies

Plant breeding is the technologies which are used for molecular biology to select, or in the case of genetic modification, to insert particular traits into plants. Molecular breeding such as marker assisted selection and doubled haploids are highly useful techniques. There is way that through plant breeding can also utilized by organic cultivation.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany;  International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland;  11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA;  XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September  9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands; 10th International Oat Conference, 11-15 July 2016, St. Petersburg, Russia

Plant pathology is the scientific discovery of diseases in plants caused by pathogens and environmental conditions. Organisms that cause viral disease include fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasma, protozoa, nematodes and dependable plants. A plant considered undesirable, unattractive, or troublesome, especially one that grows where it is no need and often grows or spreads fast or takes the place of desired plants. It is an aquatic plant or alga, especially seaweed.

Relevant Conferences:

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The complex and different responses of plants to nanoparticles, the signal transduction mechanisms involved, and the regulation of DNA expression. Further, it showing the phytosynthesis of nanoparticles, the role of nanoparticles in the antioxidant systems of botany and agriculture, the beneficial and harmful effects of nanoparticles on plants, and the application of nanoparticles and nanotubes to MS, aiming ultimately at an analysis of the metabolomics of plants.The increasing  role of inventions in the field of nanotechnology are producing novel applications in the fields of biotechnology and agriculture. Nanoparticles have received much response because of the unique physico-chemical properties of these compounds. In the plant biology, nanoparticles are used as “smart” delivery systems, prompting the Nobel Prize winner P. Ehrlich  support to  get these compenents as “magic bullets.” Nanotechnology also play an important role in agriculture as compound fertilizers and minute-pesticides, acting as chemical delivery agents that target molecules to specific cellular organelles in plants.

Many of the herbs and aromas used by humans to season food also yield useful medicinal compounds. All plants produce chemical components as part of their normal metabolic activities such as phytochemistry. The use of herbs to treat disease is almost unique variety. Many herbs have shown positive results in-vitro while studies on some herbal treatments have found favourable results.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany;  International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland;  11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA;  XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September  9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands

The Study of plant morphology, growth, metabolism and reproduction in living plants and also concerned with the plant morphology and some essential process such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photo -morphogenesis, environmental physiology (plant diseases), seed germination, dormancy and stomata function and transpiration, plant water relations. Plant biochemistry is related to molecular science such as macromolecules and plant metabolisms, Biomolecules, carbohydrates, amoni acid, lipids.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany;  International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland;  11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA;  XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September  9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands

Plant morphology is all about with both the vegetative structures of plants, as well as the reproductive structures. It includes plant development, floral structure, pollination and fertilization. Plant morphology provides an overview of the science of deals with the external form of plants. Plant metabolism includes the complex of physical and chemical events of photosynthesis, respiration, and the process of natural compounds. Plant respiration is biochemical process in plants whereby specific substrates are oxidation with a subsequent release of carbon dioxide, CO2.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany;  International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland;  11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA;  XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September  9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands

The plants require H2O and minerals come from the soil, while carbon dioxide comes from the air. Macronutrients and Micronutrients are the useful elements required by plants. Soil quality is a major determinant of plant distribution and growth. NO2 is often the mineral that has the more effect on plant growth. Plants require nitrogen as a component of amino acid, nucleic acids, chlorophyll. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to NH3 by an enzyme called nitrogenase. Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, evolution and mapping and soil erosion.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany;  International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland;  11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA;  XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September  9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands

Agriculture deals with the promotes in genetics, physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and molecular biology. Agriculture science is related to techniques, including the application of agronomic research. Agricultural biotechnology is a specific area of agricultural science includes the use of scientific tools and techniques, including manupulation of genome, genetic markers, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, and plant biotechnology, to modify living organisms: plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany;  International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland;  11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA;  XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September  9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands

The plants require water and minerals come from the soil, while carbon dioxide comes from the air. Macronutrients and Micronutrients are the essential elements required by plants. Soil quality is a major determinant of plant distribution and growth. Nitrogen is often the mineral that has the greatest effect on plant growth. Plants require nitrogen as a component of proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by an enzyme called nitrogenase. Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping and soil erosion.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany;  International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland;  11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA;  XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September  9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands

Horticulture deals with the art, flowers, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of aromatic plants, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and non-food crops such as grass and herbal trees and plants organic cultivation. It also includes plant conservation, organic garden, landscape and garden design, construction, and maintenance, and arboriculture.

Relevant Conferences:

International Conference on Plant Physiology June 09-11, 2016 Dallas, USA ; 5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Genomics & Pharmacogenomics September 22-24, 2016 Berlin, Germany;  International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Section Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Rye Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland;  11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA;  XVIth Meeting of the EUCARPIA Section Biometrics in Plant Breeding September  9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands

Environmental science is the study of the effects of natural and unnatural processes, and of interactions of the physical components of the planet on the environment

At the individual level, botanists may study the phylogeny (structure) of plants, systems to maximize their growth, or how they convert one chemical compound to another. At the community level, the work of a botanist resembles an ecologist and may include looking at how plants interact with one another, how they moderate the type of ecosystem present in a given area, competition between given species, or how crops may interact in a given agricultural system. It is common for botanists’ work to span a number of different career paths

Seeds are main part for the plant to grow and for agriculture as well.  They are the starting point for the production of most plant and crops.  Seeds constitute 70% of our food and recent additional uses of seeds as stored energy has increased both seed and commodity prices worldwide.  The past 50 years has seen many researchers are working in seed genetics and technology that have been responsible in increases the crop productivity worldwide. 

Increasing the demand for seed as biofuel feedstock coupled with a need to feed a burgeoning global population makes seed science and technology an essential discipline for human survival and prosperity.   Cereal production alone will have to increase by roughly a billion metric tons in the next 30 years to meet world needs. To meet future world needs for food, fiber and energy, additional research advancements in seed genetics and technology will be critical. Sharing expertise on seed production technologies and research through distance learning will be a prerequisite for meeting the global demand for quality seed.

Synthetic biology is an approach to engineering science. The stabilization of element, from screw threads to printed circuit boards, drives both the speed of innovation and the economy of production in mechanical and electronic engineering. This conceptual model is the basis of synthetic biology, where the principles of engineering are applied to biological systems. Synthetic biology is not what we are making; Developing tools and methods for the precise modification of plant genomes and establishing a standard structure for collection of plant genes.

Humankind has affected our planet in many ways. In the past few centuries the changes in society and the "Biodiversity" is the full complexity and variety of life, at all scales, from genetic diversity, up to species and even ecosystem diversity. So, we use the term "biodiversity conservation" to refer to attempts to conserve and any parts of this natural diversity. Plant diversity is a major plant of total biodiversity - just think of the richness of tropical rain forests -.it forms the basis of all food webs, and underpins the functioning of all ecosystems. So, plant conservation is an essential component of efforts for biodiversity conservation. As plants are at risk of extinction, in all parts of the world, their conservation is a priority.

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Relevant Conferences:

5th International Conference on Agriculture and Horticulture June 27-29, 2016 Cape Town, South Africa ; 6th International Conference on Plant Genomics July 14-15, 2016 Brisbane, Australia;  International Conference on Green Energy & Expo September 21-23, 2015 Orlando, FL, USA; International Plant Breeding Congress and EUCARPIA-Oil and Protein Crops Conference November 01-05 Antalya ,Turkey; International Conference on Breeding and Genetics June 24 – 26, 2015 Wroclaw, Poland;  11th International Congress of Plant Molecular Biology (IPMB) October 25 - 30, 2015 Foz do Iguazu, Brazil; Plant Genomics Congress September 14-15, 2015 St. Louis, USA;  XVIth Meeting on Plant Breeding September  9-11, 2015 Wageningen, the Netherlands

Major Plant science Societies around the Globe

American Society of Plant Biologists, USA; Australian Society of Plant Scientists, Australia; Argentinean Society of Plant Physiology, Argentina; American Society of Agronomy, USA; Royal Horticultural Society, UK; British Society for Plant Pathology, UK; African Crop Science Society  Africa; Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology Brazil;Botanical Society of China, China;

The plant root system constitutes the major part of the plant body, both in terms of function and bulk. In terrestrial plants, the root system is the subterranean or underground part of the plant body while the shoot is the aboveground part. Roots are branching organs which grow downward into the soil, a manifestation of geotropism. Branching occurs irregularly and not from nodes as in stems.

Oilseeds and pulses are staple foods for millions of poor people in developing countries, and are these days developing an even more important role as cash crops. The most important crops in these categories are oil palm, beans (soybean, cowpeas, broad beans, red beans) and groundnuts. Further can be mentioned cashew, sheanut, sesame, sunflower, coconut and olives. Oilseeds and pulses add important nutritional value to the diet by high quality protein and/or vegetable oil, together with oil soluble vitamins like vitamin A.

A key ingredient in successful entrepreneurship is self-knowledge. (Plant Science and Agri science-2016) aims to bring together all existing and budding bio entrepreneurs to share experiences and present new innovations and challenges in microbiological community. Each year, over a million companies are started in the world with about 5–10 of them classified as high technology companies. Turning ideas into business ventures is tricky and the opportunity-recognition step is critical in new venture creation. This gestalt in the entrepreneur's perception of the relationship between the invention and final product is refined into a business model that describes how the venture will make money or provide an appropriate return to the potential investors. Biological science is complex and rapidly changing and requires a specialized knowledge to understand the value of the innovation and its competitive position in the industry.