Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Geert De Jaeger
VIB-Ghent University, Belgium
Keynote: AP-MS and organ growth in plants: from cells to tissues
Time : 10:00-10:40
Biography:
Geert De Jaeger is Associate Professor at Ghent University - Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, and Adjunct Director of the VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology (Ghent, Belgium). His main research interest is the development and application of interactomics technology in Plant Research to study the regulation of plant growth at the molecular and biochemical level. His research team obtained high international visibility with their state of the art AP-MS platform that maps protein interaction networks in plants. In the past 5 years this technology generated data for 42 TIER 25% manuscripts, holding 12 TIER 1%, and 33 TIER 5% manuscripts. He currently authored 82 A1 publications with more than 3200 life time citations, H-index of 33, and he holds 7 patents.
Abstract:
At the very basis of cellular structure and function lie networks of short- and long-term molecular interactions. The author’s research team develops interactomic tools for plants and runs a state of the art affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) platform for protein complex isolation. Through its high specificity and explanatory power, our platform steadily became a central–omics tool in our research department. Complexes got isolated for hundreds of proteins involved in cell growth and proliferation control leading towards protein discovery, functional analysis of protein complexes, and the mapping of protein networks involved in plant organ growth. They started in cell cultures, but steadily moved towards Arabidopsis seedlings, to finally end up into crop plants. Their bigger organs make them particularly suitable for the study of the complex regulation of organ growth in a developmental context. They obtained proof of concept for the study of protein complex dynamics during leaf growth and demonstrate its use for organ growth engineering.
Keynote Forum
Douglas J Marques
Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Brazil
Keynote: Differential responses of root system and gas exchange in contrasting tomato genotypes under phosphorus starvation
Time : 11:00-11:40
Biography:
Douglas Jose Marques, PhD in Agronomy - Soil Science/Plant Nutrition and Fertility at the Unifversidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil/UFLA (2013). I currently hold the position of Integral Professor at the Alfenas/FETA Foundation of Education and Technology, which is the maintainer of the Universidade José do Rosário Vellano/UNIFENAS, Coordinator of the Olericultura Studies Center, Horticulture and Experimentation Sector and Experimental Area of ​​Organic Agriculture. Professor of the Professional Master's Degree in Production Systems in Agriculture and in the PhD course in Sustainable Agriculture. In the area of ​​Ecophysiology and Fertility and Mineral Nutrition of Plants I have directed the studies to the beneficial effect of silicon as a source of water stress in maize and sorghum for arid and semi-arid regions. We are working with some extension projects in the creation and conduction of gardens: community, urban, schools, asylums and therapeutic and transformation of the same to the system of organic agriculture.
Abstract:
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for the development of plants. Although it is not always required in larger amounts, its presence is often limited, since the Brazilian and other soils of the world are generally poor in this element. Introduction of tomato plants with greater efficiency in the absorption of phosphorus have been identified. Study conducted by Hochmuth et al., (1985) evaluated more than 200 tomato types (Solanum lycopersicum), with at least two of these introductions being highly efficient in extracting P from the poor-P solution. In one of these introductions (PI 121665 was described as Globonnie cultivar), the efficiency in the extraction of phosphorus was associated with a morphological characteristic in the roots, when this type was cultivated in nutrient solution containing a low content of P. This characteristic, called "cottony root", showed up in simple heritage (a recessive gene, termed crt) and is associated with a large number of roots that can be observed in a microscope after being stained with carmine acetic, when plants are grown in solutions with low content (2 ppm) P, while that this response is not observed when higher concentrations of P (8 ppm) are used. The objective of the research was to evaluate the development of the root system, gas exchange and efficiency in the absorption of phosphorus in contrasting tomato genotypes. The experimental design was a randomized block in the factorial scheme with three tomato genotypes (Globonnie, Tom-598 and F1) and four phosphorus levels (0.2, 30, 60 and 100 mg L-1) with four replications. By evaluating the root morphology, it was observed that the genotype Globonnie produced the highest length, surface area and volume of the root at dose 0.2 mg L-1 of P. For the gaseous exchange there was a higher photosynthetic rate, perspiration and stomatal conductance for Globonnie at the lowest dose of P. For the concentration of P in the leaf and root Globonnie also presented higher content at the dose of 0.2 mg L-1 of P. It was concluded with the research that Globonnie and F1 presented better performances at the dose of 0.2 mg L-1 of P, due to higher root production and gas exchange. Here, we reveal a possible reduction of phosphorus and consequent production costs in tomato agriculture. The Globonnie genotype has the expression of its gene under the conditions of lack of P.
Keynote Forum
Levan Ujmajuridze
Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, Georgia
Keynote: Efficiency of application of bentonite in bio vine growing
Time : 11:40- 12:20
Biography:
Levan Ujmajuridze has a PhD in Agrarian Sciences. He is an honored winemaker of Georgia; International expert; Member of Commission at The International Vine & Wine Organization OIV; National Focal Point of the Plant Genetic Resources at Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO. He has a basic expertise in agrodiversity restoration and conservation. He gives lectures at the leading Georgian Universities – Georgian Agrarian University, Technical University of Georgia. He has up to 47 scientific publications, 4 monographs, 1 invention and 2 patents – Georgian new wheat variety “Tbilisuri 15” and new oats variety “Argo”. Since 2014 he is a Director of LEPL Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia. The above article is a joint work with the Institute of Organic Chemistry, which concerns creation and use of new biological drug in bio vine growing
Abstract:
Production of bio vine implies application in agriculture of substances of only organic origin. Despite the mentioned, for control of powdery mildew (oidium), application of preparations of sulfur as the most efficient means in vine growing is essential up to now and in a number of countries it is regulated only by legislative framework (frequency and interval of application). For the purpose in order to settle the mentioned problem and to achieve practical results within the framework of the project of the National Science Foundation “Use of innovation methods in vine growing of Georgia” together with the Institute of Organic Chemistry we have developed the substance bentonite. Chemically processed sulfur clay particles destruct spores of oidium; they have the same effect towards mycelium as pure sulfur and additionally have a property of high adhesiveness. For the preparation of sulfur-containing bentonite were used local natural clay from Askana ore and sulfur powder. Askana clay was being modified by sulfur in the same mode as the clinoptilolite. High density powder of Askana clay render scope and spectroscopic analysis showed, that supposedly amorphous sulfur had penetrated between clay layer structure layers and had been received homogeneous nanostructured material. For the first time we have tested bentonite in laboratory conditions on aquatic vine cultures, and also practically in the experimental vineyard.
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry | Plant Genome Sciences | Plant Morphology and Plant Metabolism | Plant Physiology and Biochemistry | Soil Science and Soil-Plant Nutrition
Location: Scala
Session Introduction
Abdallah Aldahadha
National Agricultural Research Center, Jordan
Title: Viability and in vitro germination of pollen of six pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars grown in Maru Agricultural Station, Northern Jordan
Time : 12:20- 12:50
Biography:
Abdallah Aldahadha has a PhD in Plant Ecophysiology from University of New England, Australia. He is working in Maru Agricultural Station which belongs to National Agricultural Research Center (NARC)/ Jordan. He is doing a project with improving the yield of pistachio trees. He has MSc in Horticulture from University of Jordan. During that period, he worked with a project of morphological and biochemical characteristics of olive pollen. He has academic experience from AlJouf University, Saudi Arabia as Assistant Professor in plant biology and from Sebha University, Libya as Assistant Lecturer in Horticulture Department-Faculty of Agriculture. He has several publications in international journals and he has attended several international conferences in USA and New Zealand.
Abstract:
This study was conducted on six pistachio cultivars (Lazaourdi, Nab-El Jamal, Boundiki, Batouri, Marawhi and Aschouri) to investigate the percentage of pollen viability and in vitro germination. Pollen viability was tested by using 1% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and 60% sucrose. In addition, in vitro germination medium was used to test pollen, which consisted of 1% agar, 15% sucrose and 100 ppm boric acid (H3BO3). The results indicated that there was a significant interaction between pollen viability of pistachio cultivars and storage period. The results showed that the fresh pollen of cultivars Batouri and Lazaourdi had significantly the highest viability (87%) and in vitro pollen germination (69.7%); respectively indicating that such cultivars could be used as best pollinators. On the other hand, cultivar Nab-El Jamal had the lowest viability (43.7%) and in vitro pollen germination (40.3%). Results of viability for all fresh pollen cultivars were poorly linearly correlated (r2=0.197) with the results of in vitro germination test. It was found that pollen viability for all cultivars were significantly reduced when pollen stored at 40℃ for one month. However, pollen germination percentage was zero for all pistachio cultivars after one month of storage. This finding suggests that the storage method in refrigerator (i.e: at 40℃) for one month is not effective for in vitro pollen germination. Hence, further research is required to examine pollen germination for less than a month under refrigerated conditions, which could be used for artificial pollination purposes.
Xiongming Du
Institute of Cotton Research-CAAS, China
Title: Single nucleotide polymorphism associated with salinity stress tolerance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Time : 13:50- 14:20
Biography:
Xiongming Du was the Vice Director of National Key Lab of Cotton Science and Dean of Cotton Germplasm Division in the Institute of Cotton Research at Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS). He was also the Seventh Council Member of Academic Committee of Cotton in China since 2012 and he was the Fourth and Fifth Council Member of Branch Association of Genetic Resources under Association of Chinese Agronomy since 2000.
Abstract:
Although much studies have been done on salinity tolerance in cotton crop, but little is known about genetic control based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) underlying salt tolerance of cotton plants at seedling stage. To gain an understanding of the genetic basis of upland cotton tolerance to salinity at seedling stage, a genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted for salinity stress tolerance traits in a core collection of genetically diverse population comprising of 419 accessions. While a genetic map of 5178 SNP markers were developed from 277 F2:3 populations. The map spanned 4768.098 cM with an average distance of 0.92 cM. Next generation high throughput Illumina HiSeq platform was used for genome sequencing, which resulted in 6.45 Tb raw sequences with 150 -bp read length. After sequence quality and filtering process 6.35 Tb high quality SNPs were finally used for subsequent analysis. A total of 5655 SNPs associated with different traits were found. Finally, 15 candidate genes containing key SNPs, involved in different biological pathways for salt tolerance were found for further omics studies. We identified 18 single nucleotide polymorphs (SNPs) significantly associated with relative electrolyte conductivity ratio, 13 SNPs were found high association with REC, 5 SNPs with relative water content and 5 SNPs were found significantly associated with fresh weight. A total of 66 QTLs (quantitative-trait loci) for 10 traits related to salinity were detected in three environments (0, 110 and 150 mM salt treatment). Only 14 QTLs were consistent, accounting for 2.72% to 9.87% of phenotypic variation. Parental contributions were found to be in the ratio of 3:1, 10 QTLs from the sensitive and four QTLs from the resistant parent. Five QTLs were located in At and nine QTLs in the Dt sub-genome. Moreover, eight clusters were identified, in which 12 putative key genes were found to be related to salinity. The GBS-SNPs-based genetic map developed is the first high-density genetic map that has the potential to provide deeper insights into upland cotton salinity tolerance. The 12 key genes found in this study could be used for QTL fine mapping and cloning for further studies. The findings of our GWAS study provides new knowledge about genetic control of salt tolerance at seedling stage, which could aid in elucidation of genetic and molecular mechanism of salinity stress tolerance in cotton crop.
Youlu Yuan
Institute of Cotton Research- CAAS, China
Title: Genome wide QTL mapping for resistance to Verticillium wilt, fiber quality and yield traits in cotton chromosome segment substitution lines
Time : 14:20-14:50
Biography:
Youlu Yuan has been involved in studies related to cotton hybrid vigor and molecular marker assisted selection about fiber quality; focus on cotton variety molecular design, especially on excellent fiber quality variety development. Since 2013 he worked as a Director of Bio-technology Research Department and PI of cotton variety molecular design unit.
Abstract:
The development of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) from Gossypium barbadense in G. hirsutum background provided ideal materials for further genome research and crop improvement through MAS. We had developed BC5F3:5 populations with the donor parent Hai1 and the recurrent parent CCRI36. In this study 300 CSSLs and their two parents were planted in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications in two ecological locations (Anyang and Xinjiang) in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Verticillium wilt resistance was collected at the time of July and August in the field. A total of 597 pairs simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers screened from 2292 pairs of markers in the high density map from a BC2F1 population of G. hirsutum × G. barbadense were used to identify the polymorphisms among the BC5F3:5 lines. A total of 56 quantitative trait locus (QTLs) for Verticillium wilt resistance were detected, 30 of them are stable, and 38 QTLs (68%) had negative additive effects, which indicate that the G. barbadense alleles increased Verticillium wilt resistance and decrease DI by about 2.64 to 13.23. By meta-analysis, 30 QTL hotspot regions for VW resistance were identified and 13 of them were new hotspot regions. 191 QTLs were detected for fiber yield and fiber quality, 98 for the fiber quality traits and 93 for the yield related traits, 54 of them are stable. Three chromosomes of Chr05, Chr10 and Chr20 contained more QTLs. 30 clusters with disease index and fiber related traits were identified on 16 chromosomes. Most of the fiber traits were clustered with the disease index stable QTLs. We found 6 clusters namely, C01-cluster-1, C05-cluster-4, C07-cluster-1, C19-cluster-2, C22-cluster-1 and C22-cluster-2, which had positive correlation between VW resistance and fiber quality traits. Two clusters, C10-cluster-1 and C25-cluster-1 had also positive correlation between VW resistance and yield related traits (boll weight and lint percentage). One cluster, C20-cluster-1 is important for VW resistance, fiber quality and fiber yield. So, these clusters and related QTLs are very important for breeding improvement of fiber quality and yield, VW disease resistance
Jurgita Spokaite
Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Lithuania
Title: Impact of amino acids amount changes in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and relation with grain quality due to manganese and molybdenum foliar application
Time : 14:50-15:20
Biography:
Jurgita Spokaite is a PhD student. She has expertise in Agronomy and Organic Chemistry and has been practicing in both areas. The scopes lead to developing a new scientific area in Lithuania-plant biochemistry in crop production. Direction of her doctoral studies is just a beginning and very first steps to join two fields of science into one. She has built this model after some time of experience in research, agronomy and chemistry studies. She is working as a Private Agronomist and Junior Researcher.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Numerous researches describe the influence of micronutrient elements (Cu2+, Mo6+, Mn+2 etc.) for the winter wheat growth and grain yield. Deficiency or excessive rate of microelements can cause functional disorders for many crops due to that yields can be significantly lower instead of higher. There are relatively few scientific papers with anticipate biochemical effects after combinations of two or more microelements (e.g. Mn+2/Mo+6/Zn+2) sprayed on crops. The purpose of this study is to describe relation between quantitative changes of amino acids in winter wheat during growth periods (tillering and steam elongation stages) and qualitative parameters of wheat grains.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Molybdenum (Mo+6) and manganese (Mn+2) as micronutrients were sprayed twice in three different combinations: (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O/MnSO4·H2O; (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O and; MnSO4·H2O. During both applications in all combination was 300 g of each cation. Control field was sprayed just with water. This research is mainly focused on molybdenum and manganese influence for grain quality parameters via quantity of amino acids.
Findings: Foliar applications of different micronutrients combinations cannot always have a positive effect despite the fact that Mo+6 and Mn+2 cations involving nitrogen to further metabolism process and required for normal assimilation of N.
Conclusion & Significance: Due to very important synergistic and/or antagonistic action of micronutrients combinations for crops the amount of amino acids were influenced by spraying inorganic salt solutions. A significantly higher amount of γ-amino butyric acid is determined after Mo+6 and Mo+6/Mn+2 treatments than in other treatments. These changes also had impact for some of wheat grain quality parameters. A higher amount of proteins in treatments sprayed with Mn+2 have been determined rather than in Mo+6. Other grain quality parameters have been also differently affected due to different treatments.
Mohammad Esmaeil Asadi
Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran
Title: Healthy soils with conservation agriculture system
Biography:
Mohammad Esmaeil Asadi has completed his PhD in Integrated Water Resources Management, at Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand in 2001. Currently he is working as a Principle Research Scientist in Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (GANRREC). GANRREC is a governmental center which is situated in Golestan Province north part of Iran near Caspian Sea. His research interests include irrigation/drainage systems design, development and performance evaluation; Conservation Agriculture (CA), Soil and water management of upland crops.
Abstract:
Soil is the network of interacting living organisms within the earth's surface layer, which support life above ground – plants and animals, including humans. Soil filters the rainwater and regulates the discharge of excess rainwater, preventing flooding; it is capable of storing large amounts of organic carbon; it buffers against pollutants, including CO2. Many people don’t realize that soil, especially healthy soil, is full of life. Bacteria, algae, microscopic insects, earthworms, beetles, ants, mites, and fungi are among them. Altogether, their value has been estimated at $1.5 trillion a year worldwide. The healthiest soils are those with a diversity and abundance of life. Farmers who adapted conservation agriculture (CA) approach understand that tillage, the turning of the soil that has been the standard for growing crops for years and years, is disruptive to soil microbes and destructive to the soil system and its very structure. CA farmers grow a diversity of living plants in the soil as much of the time as practical, covering the soil and offering food to soil microbes through living roots. Those soil organisms, in turn, cycle nutrients back to the plant. CA-farming practices that involve minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover and the use of crop rotation to simultaneously maintain and boost yields, reduce costs for farmers-especially by saving fuel for the soil tillage-increase soil quality, reduce soil erosion and improve biological activity, all while increasing agricultural productivity, especially by increasing resilience to drought and climate change. Studies show a producer can save at least 30% of water consumption per hectare by changing from conventional tillage to CA. In this paper we will provide some examples and case studies from adoption and practices of CA in developed and developing countries especially Asian countries who got good results in terms of healthy soils.
Muhammad Shoaib Amjad
Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
Title: Examining vegetation structure, species diversity, richness and vegetation-environmental relationships in the subtropical forests of Kotli District (AJK), Pakistan using a multivariate approach
Biography:
Muhammad Shoaib Amjad is currently working as Lecture in Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Bagh. He was awarded with Gold medal in MSc as well as in MPhil. He published more than 30 research articles on various aspects of phytodiversity, ethnobotany and conservation in various journals of international repute. Currently his research mainly focuses on phytogeographic, systematic and conservation assessment of endemic flora of remote biodiversity rich area of Azad Jammu & Kashmir using advance multivariate statistical techniques.
Abstract:
A phytosociological survey was carried out during 2014-2016 using a stratified random sampling design at 15 different localities in Kotli District, AJK Pakistan. Quantitative data on species composition and environmental variables were collected from 450 quadrats. Based on cluster analysis, three different plant associations were recognized viz., subtropical scrub forest association, subtropical pine forest association and subtropical broad leaf humid association which are clearly separated on a two dimensional detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) diagram. The number of plant species per site varied from 17 to 47; Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were 1.83-3.19 and 0.75-0.95 respectively; Menhinick and Margalef species richness values were between 0.68-1.35 and 2.48-5.95 respectively, Equitability values between 0.65-0.90 and evenness values between 0.37-0.71. DCA and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated altitude and aspect to be the main determinants of the plant species distribution patterns and classification and grouping of vegetation into different associations. CCA indicated that both species diversity and richness showed strong correlations with altitude as well as aspect and grazing intensity. All the forest stands were immature (33.8-54.7%) with average tree density varying between 280 to 2060 ha-1, and basal area between 1.99-19.18 m2/ha-1. The results clearly reflect the deteriorating forest structure in this region, demanding urgent conservation measures involving effective participation by local communities.