3rd Global Summit on Plant Science August 07-09, 2017 Rome, Italy

Plant Biotechnology is prominent in the field of medicine interfacing biotechnology and bioinformatics, the molecular characterization of medicinal plants; molecular farming; and result from chemistry, nanotechnology, pharmacology, agriculture, Biomass and biofuels as well.Plant tissue culture is the growth of plant cells outermost an intact plant. It depends on maintaining plant tissue in lab conditions on a suitable nutrient medium. The culture can be sustained as a mass of undifferentiated cells for a broad area for a period of time, or regenerated into whole plants. The dissimilar techniques used in plant tissue culture. Plant tissue culture is mostly used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micro-propagation with different stages. Plant Biotechnology is the technology which is used for getting modern product with high yield and at faster rate. 

Plant pathology is the scientific discovery of diseases in plants caused by pathogens and environmental conditions. Organisms that cause viral disease include fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasma, protozoa, nematodes and dependable plants. A plant considered undesirable, unattractive, or troublesome, especially one that grows where it is no need and often grows or spreads fast or takes the place of desired plants. It is an aquatic plant or alga, especially seaweed.

Transgenes appear to be particularly sensitive to epigenetic variation which can lead to transgene silencing, i.e. the complete or partial inactivation of transgene expression. Plants are ideal model systems to study the influence of changing environmental conditions on epigenetic patterns. We are especially interested to understand how certain genomic regions become targets for epigenetic modification and how environmental stress affects epigenetic gene regulation. Our applied work investigates how transgene silencing can be prevented and how epigenetic variation can be exploited for novel breeding strategies

The plants require water and minerals come from the soil, while carbon dioxide comes from the air. Macronutrients and Micronutrients are the essential elements required by plants. Soil quality is a major determinant of plant distribution and growth. Nitrogen is often the mineral that has the greatest effect on plant growth. Plants require nitrogen as a component of proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by an enzyme called nitrogenase. Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping and soil erosion.

The complex and different responses of plants to nanoparticles, the signal transduction mechanisms involved, and the regulation of DNA expression. Further, it showing the phytosynthesis of nanoparticles, the role of nanoparticles in the antioxidant systems of botany and agriculture, the beneficial and harmful effects of nanoparticles on plants, and the application of nanoparticles and nanotubes to MS, aiming ultimately at an analysis of the metabolomics of plants.The increasing  role of inventions in the field of nanotechnology are producing novel applications in the fields of biotechnology and agriculture. Nanoparticles have received much response because of the unique physico-chemical properties of these compounds. In the plant biology, nanoparticles are used as “smart” delivery systems, prompting the Nobel Prize winner P. Ehrlich  support to  get these compenents as “magic bullets.” Nanotechnology also play an important role in agriculture as compound fertilizers and minute-pesticides, acting as chemical delivery agents that target molecules to specific cellular organelles in plants. 

Plant morphology is all about with both the vegetative structures of plants, as well as the reproductive structures. It includes plant development, floral structure, pollination and fertilization. Plant morphology provides an overview of the science of deals with the external form of plants. Plant metabolism includes the complex of physical and chemical events of photosynthesis, respiration, and the process of natural compounds. Plant respiration is biochemical process in plants whereby specific substrates are oxidation with a subsequent release of carbon dioxide, CO2.

Plant breeding is the technology which is used for Plant Molecular Biology to select, or in the case of genetic modification, to place particular traits into plants. Molecular breeding such as marker assisted selection and doubled haploids are immensely useful techniques. There is way that through plant breeding can also utilized by organic cultivation.

Plant Genome Sciences are  more  complex  than  other  eukaryotic genomes,  and  analysis  reveals  many  evolutionary  flips  and turns of the DNA sequences over time. Plants show generally different chromosome numbers and varied ploidy levels. Overall, the proportions of plant genomes (both number  of  chromosomes  and  total  nucleotide  base-pairs)  ex-hibits the greatest variation of any kingdom in the biological  world. PGS are in the field of hydroponics, the products are developed through extensive and rigorous testing by a team of world-class research scientists. The products are specifically engineered and express to work based on plants’ genetic make-up, and PGS is one of the few companies that completely understands and comprehends the need for high-yielding and fast-growing plants. PGS is set up with a vision to provide quality plant nutrients, original technological know-how and all-inclusive end-to-end solutions to the evolving agriculture industry in all parts of the country.

The Study of plant morphology, growth, metabolism and reproduction in living plants and also concerned with the plant morphology and some essential process such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photo -morphogenesis, environmental physiology (plant diseases), seed germination, dormancy and stomata function and transpiration, plant water relations. Plant biochemistry is related to molecular science such as macromolecules and plant metabolisms, Biomolecules, carbohydrates, amoni acid, lipids.

The importance of plants has been concluded by scholars since ancient period. Apart from the innumerable social benefits, much strength has been given to the plants of medicinal value. Majority of the population in developing countries assume on traditional system of medicine for their primary health care. Due to this increasing trend towards use of different system of medicine, natural medicinal plant resource in this world is under enormous pressure. Several Institution/ Organization/ Universities and Industries across the world have been steady in research and documentation of various conditions of these medicinal plants to frame a system for their preserving. In this way numerous research papers on each medicinal plant covering vast subject areas like Botany, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacy etc. are available. This will help the scientific community to keep themselves restore with the research and development work being implemented for a particular medicinal plant. This researcher will also be a source of favorable information for students, teachers, practitioners all those who are involved in their propagation etc. 

Arabidopsis thaliana is a small flowering plant that is widely used as a model organism in plant biology. Arabidopsis is a member of the mustard (Brassicaceae) family, which includes cultivated species such as cabbage and radish. Arabidopsis is not of major agronomic significance, but it offers important advantages for basic research in genetics and molecular biology. Arabidopsis thaliana has a genome size of ~135 Mbp, and a haploid chromosome number of 5.

The plants need water and minerals come from the soil, while carbon dioxide comes from the air. Macronutrients and Micronutrients are the important elements required by plants. Soil quality is a major determinant of plant distribution and growth. Nitrogen Dioxide is often the mineral that has the more effect on plant growth. Plants require nitrogen as a component of amino acid, nucleic acids, and photosynthetic pigments. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by an enzyme called nitrogenase. Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth along with soil formation, evolution and mapping and soil erosion.

The Forest Science is a complex ecosystem consisting mainly of trees that buffer the earth and support a myriad of life forms. The trees help create a different environment which, in turn, affects the kinds of animals and plants that can continue in the forest. Trees are an important part of the environment. They clean the air, cool it on hot days, conserve heat at night, and act as attractive sound absorbers.

Plants provide a protective canopy that lessens the impact of raindrops on the soil, thereby decreasing soil erosion. The layer of leaves that fall around the tree prevents runoff and allows the water to drain into the soil. Roots help to hold the soil in place. Dead plants decompose to form humus, organic matter that holds the water and add nutrients to the soil. Plants provide habitat to different types of organisms. Birds build their nests on the branches of trees, animals and birds live in the hollows, insects and other organisms live in different parts of the plant. They produce large quantities of oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. Transpiration from the forests alter the relative humidity and precipitation in a place.

Agriculture deals with the promotes in genetics, physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and molecular biology. Agriculture science is related to techniques, including the application of agronomic research. Agricultural biotechnology is a specific area of agricultural science includes the use of scientific tools and techniques, including manupulation of genome, genetic markers, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, and plant biotechnology, to modify living organisms: plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Seeds are main part for the plant to grow and for agriculture as well.  They are the starting point for the production of most plant and crops.  Seeds constitute 70% of our food and recent additional uses of seeds as stored energy has increased both seed and commodity prices worldwide.  The past 50 years has seen many researchers are working in seed genetics and technology that have been responsible in increases the crop productivity worldwide. 

Increasing the demand for seed as biofuel feedstock coupled with a need to feed a burgeoning global population makes seed science and technology an essential discipline for human survival and prosperity.   Cereal production alone will have to increase by roughly a billion metric tons in the next 30 years to meet world needs. To meet future world needs for food, fiber and energy, additional research advancements in seed genetics and technology will be critical. Sharing expertise on seed production technologies and research through distance learning will be a prerequisite for meeting the global demand for quality seed.

Synthetic biology is an approach to engineering science. The stabilization of element, from screw threads to printed circuit boards, drives both the speed of innovation and the economy of production in mechanical and electronic engineering. This conceptual model is the basis of synthetic biology, where the principles of engineering are applied to biological systems. Synthetic biology is not what we are making; Developing tools and methods for the precise modification of plant genomes and establishing a standard structure for collection of plant genes.

Photosynthetic cells contain unique pigments that absorb light energy. Different pigments respond to different wavelengths of visible light. Chlorophyll, the dominant pigment used in photosynthesis, reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light most sharply. In plants, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, which contain the chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are surrounded by a 2 membrane and contain a third inner membrane, called the thylakoid membrane, which forms long folds within the organelle. In electron micrographs, thylakoid membranes look like stacks of coins, although the chamber they form are joined like a maze of chambers. The green pigment chlorophyll is located inside the thylakoid membrane, and the space between the thylakoid and the chloroplast membranes is called the stroma

Humankind has affected our planet in many ways. In the past few centuries the changes in society and the "Biodiversity" is the full complexity and variety of life, at all scales, from genetic diversity, up to species and even ecosystem diversity. So, we use the term "biodiversity conservation" to refer to attempts to conserve and any parts of this natural diversity. Plant diversity is a major plant of total biodiversity - just think of the richness of tropical rain forests -.it forms the basis of all food webs, and underpins the functioning of all ecosystems. So, plant conservation is an essential component of efforts for biodiversity conservation. As plants are at risk of extinction, in all parts of the world, their conservation is a priority.

A key ingredient in successful entrepreneurship is self-knowledge. (Plant Science and Agri science-2017) aims to bring together all existing and budding bio entrepreneurs to share experiences and present new innovations and challenges in microbiological community. Each year, over a million companies are started in the world with about 5–10 of them classified as high technology companies. Turning ideas into business ventures is tricky and the opportunity-recognition step is critical in new venture creation. This gestalt in the entrepreneur's perception of the relationship between the invention and final product is refined into a business model that describes how the venture will make money or provide an appropriate return to the potential investors. Biological science is complex and rapidly changing and requires a specialized knowledge to understand the value of the innovation and its competitive position in the industry.